Tissue scaffolds, constructed from biomaterials using various methods, provide the structural support for cell attachment and subsequent tissue development, aiding in the regeneration of damaged tissues and organs. One of the primary objectives in the production of bone tissue scaffolds is to achieve a structure consisting of open and interconnected pores, aiming to facilitate nutrient and oxygen intake for cells, while simultaneously providing mechanical support compatible with the properties of native bone tissue. The widespread adoption of additive manufacturing technologies in bone tissue engineering scaffolds has gained broad acceptance, owing to their capability to provide controlled porosity, manipulate pore sizes, and fabricate complex architectures with high freedom. The use of lattice structures in bone tissue scaffolds enables effective cell adhesion with a high surface area/volume ratio, providing the advantage of successfully mimicking the natural properties of bone tissue through strong mechanical connections and controlled pore sizes. Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS), representing a subset of surfaces developed as mathematical models, play a significant role in the design of bone tissue scaffolds and porous implant structures. In this study, lattice structures were created using an open-source tool named TPMS Designer. This tool, specifically developed for the analysis and visualization of TPMS-like structures and other 3D objects, operates within the MATLAB environment. To enhance structural diversity, a systematic application of affine transformations and parametric adjustments resulted in a series of lattice structures composed of diamond and gyroid unit cells. The porosity and pore sizes of the generated scaffold models were calculated. Subsequently, the 3D designs were converted into STL files and materialized through vat polymerization technology utilizing a desktop 3D printer. This study represents a simple, direct, and effective algorithm for advancing 3D designs used in bone tissue engineering in the field of lattice structure development. ORCID NO: 0000-0001-7642-4684
Anahtar Kelimeler: Bone tissue scaffolds, TPMS Designer, Lattice, Additive manufacturing
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